Hybrid Routing Techniques Combining Proactive and Reactive Approaches for Manets using Adaptive Proactive-Reactive Dynamic Routing (APRDR) Protocol

Abstract

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) operate in highly dynamic environments where network topology changes frequently due to node mobility. In addition, limited energy resources and unpredictable traffic patterns create significant challenges for maintaining stable and efficient communication. Traditional MANET routing protocols are generally classified into proactive and reactive approaches, each offering specific advantages but also presenting certain limitations when applied to highly dynamic networks. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel hybrid routing protocol named Adaptive Proactive–Reactive Dynamic Routing (APRDR). The proposed protocol intelligently switches between proactive and reactive routing mechanisms based on real-time network conditions. Key parameters such as node density, residual energy levels, traffic load, and node mobility are continuously monitored to determine the most appropriate routing strategy at any given moment. The primary objective of APRDR is to improve routing performance by reducing unnecessary control overhead, conserving node energy, and maintaining efficient packet delivery across the network. By combining the strengths of both routing paradigms, the protocol adapts dynamically to changing network scenarios and ensures more reliable communication. This adaptive hybrid approach enables the network to respond effectively to real-time variations, thereby improving overall network stability and operational efficiency in MANET environments.