Review- Significant Advancements in Electrochemical Detection of Neuron-Specific Enolase

Abstract

Electrochemical technique has attracted the substantial attention for the early detection of cancer biomarkers due to its imperative properties like simplicity, high sensitivity, specificity, low cost) and point of care detection. This article has reviewed the clinically relevant electrochemical immunosensors developed so far for the analysis of neuron specific enolase (NSE), a biomarker for Small cell lung cancer. Firstly, we have different Categorized the immunoassay techniques used to monitor NSE has been discussed.NSE immunosensors are particularly, divided into three main categories (a) Sandwich assay (b) Direct detection assay and (c) indirect detection assay. The Prevailing role of nano structured materials as electrode matrices and as electroactive has been discussed. Subsequently, the key performances of various immunoassays have been critically evaluated in terms of limit of detection, linear ranges and incubation time for clinical translation. Electrochemical techniques coupled with screen printed electrodes developed market level commercialization of NSE sensors have also been discussed. Finally, the review concludes the current challenges associated to available methods and provides a future outlook towards commercialization opportunities for easy detection of NSE.